Leptospirosis is
a zoonotic disease transmitted by fresh water and mammalian vectors in
predominantly tropical regions, with an incidence of 0.1-10 per 100,000 in
temperate climates, 10 or more per 100,000 in tropical climates, and up to 100
or more per 100,000 during outbreaks.
Its rate of
transmission spikes in areas affected by natural disasters such as floods
and heavy rainfall and, because it often presents with non-specific symptoms,
it can be difficult to diagnose.
The case fatality
rate in severe leptospirosis from <5 - 30% makes it a pathogen of clinical
importance. This review aims to summarize the most recent literature on the
subject and provide recommendations to providers who may encounter afflicted
patients.
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